Hypogonadism

Male hypogonadism occurs when the testicles don’t produce enough testosterone.

This can be a condition you are born with, or it can occur later in life. It may be caused by an injury or infection, a malfunction in the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, or may be the result of cancer treatments with chemotherapy or radiation.

Men with hypogonadism can experience symptoms ranging from erectile dysfunction and infertility to a decrease in muscle mass and even the development of breast tissue. Some men can develop osteoporosis and symptoms normally associated with menopause, including hot flashes, reduced interest in sex and even difficulty concentrating.

Male hypogonadism can also occur as part of the normal aging process, or can be the result of obesity, certain inflammatory diseases or even from using certain pain relief medications. Sleep apnea that is untreated can also contribute to male hypogonadism.

Diagnosis of male hypogonadism includes blood tests measuring testosterone levels and may also include further hormone testing and semen analysis. Sometimes this condition warrants further testing, including imaging of the pituitary gland, a testicular biopsy or genetic testing.

Male hypogonadism can be treated with hormone replacement therapy. Testosterone replacement therapy can help to restore normal sexual function, increase muscle strength and prevent further bone density loss. When hypogonadism is caused by issues with the pituitary gland, treatment may include pituitary hormone replacement therapy. If a pituitary tumor is present, it may need to be removed or treated with radiation.

When male hypogonadism affects fertility, assisted reproduction techniques can also help.